Sun Path: Batu Caves, Malaysia

Direct answer

For Batu Caves at 3.2380, 101.6820, the declination-only solar-noon altitude is approximately 69.8° at the June solstice, 86.8° at an equinox and 63.3° at the December solstice. Refine these geometry checks with the project date, civil time, facade azimuth, terrain and local horizon. The reproducible location record is GeoNames ID 1735166 in administrative area 12, at 3.2380, 101.6820; replace it with the surveyed parcel point before relying on the result. As a transparent geometry check, declination-only solar-noon altitude is about 69.8° at the June solstice, 86.8° at an equinox and 63.3° at the December solstice. Representative 21st-day geometry ranges from about 11.8 hours in December to 12.2 hours in June; this excludes atmospheric refraction, terrain and obstruction effects. The cited national authority is a discovery starting point; current local documents and a named qualified reviewer control project use of this sun path record.

Prepared by Harth · Prepared from the cited location and country sources; local project inputs remain unreviewed · Published 2026-08-26 · Updated 2026-08-31.

What must be verified for Batu Caves?

Batu Caves is represented here at approximately 3.2380, 101.6820 for discovery and workflow planning. A project address, parcel, elevation, exposure, authority, and submission date must replace that city-centre reference before design use.

How should sun path be established?

1. Fix the surveyed site and local time basis.
2. Select an authoritative weather source or a named solar-position algorithm.
3. Record period, percentile or scenario and units.
4. Test sensitivity to elevation, exposure, urban form and horizon.
5. Save the source file, retrieval date and checker in the model record.

What are the limits of this worksheet?

This sun-path-workflow page is a project-starting worksheet, not a design value or approval. The controlling authority and qualified professionals for the Batu Caves site remain authoritative.

Which related searches does this primary location record cover?

This primary route consolidates the location evidence needed for Sun Path, Solar Altitude & Azimuth, Solar Shading Design, Daylight & Orientation. A narrower route should be released only when it adds a materially different official source, calculation, process, threshold or worked example.

Batu Caves monthly solar geometry check for sun path

Batu Caves solar-geometry fingerprint at 3.2380, 101.6820

• Batu Caves, 21 January: declination -20.14°, noon altitude 66.62°, zenith 23.38°, geometric daylight 11.842 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.432.
• Batu Caves, 21 February: declination -11.23°, noon altitude 75.54°, zenith 14.46°, geometric daylight 11.914 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.258.
• Batu Caves, 21 March: declination -0.40°, noon altitude 86.36°, zenith 3.64°, geometric daylight 11.997 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.064.
• Batu Caves, 21 April: declination +11.58°, noon altitude 81.66°, zenith 8.34°, geometric daylight 12.089 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.147.
• Batu Caves, 21 May: declination +20.14°, noon altitude 73.10°, zenith 16.90°, geometric daylight 12.158 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.304.
• Batu Caves, 21 June: declination +23.45°, noon altitude 69.79°, zenith 20.21°, geometric daylight 12.187 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.368.
• Batu Caves, 21 July: declination +20.44°, noon altitude 72.80°, zenith 17.20°, geometric daylight 12.161 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.310.
• Batu Caves, 21 August: declination +11.75°, noon altitude 81.48°, zenith 8.52°, geometric daylight 12.090 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.150.
• Batu Caves, 21 September: declination -0.20°, noon altitude 86.56°, zenith 3.44°, geometric daylight 11.998 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.060.
• Batu Caves, 21 October: declination -11.75°, noon altitude 75.01°, zenith 14.99°, geometric daylight 11.910 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.268.
• Batu Caves, 21 November: declination -20.44°, noon altitude 66.32°, zenith 23.68°, geometric daylight 11.839 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.439.
• Batu Caves, 21 December: declination -23.45°, noon altitude 63.31°, zenith 26.69°, geometric daylight 11.813 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.503.

Harth computed the Batu Caves fingerprint for latitude 3.2380° with the Cooper declination approximation, 90° - |latitude - declination| at solar noon, centre-to-centre sunrise hour angle and 1 / tan(altitude) shadow ratio. Longitude 101.6820° is retained for a later civil-time conversion; this screen does not perform that conversion. See NOAA's solar calculation details. Atmospheric refraction, terrain, facade azimuth and obstructions remain outside this first-pass comparison.

Where can you explore related guidance?

• Explore all solar data guidance
• Sun Path: Selayang Baru Utara, Malaysia
• Sun Path: Taman Petaling, Malaysia
• Sun Path: Setapak, Malaysia
• Sun Path: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• All solar & daylight data guidance for Malaysia

Sources and method

Location data from the GeoNames MY dump (CC BY 4.0, snapshot 2026-08-31, GeoNames ID 1735166). Regulatory starting point: the applicable state and local authority. Figures are illustrative — verify against the current locally adopted edition for the site. Solar-method context: NOAA Solar Calculation Details; the Harth monthly table uses a simpler declination and geometric-daylight approximation whose stated limitations must be retained.

Source links

• download.geonames.org

• jkt.kpkt.gov.my

• gml.noaa.gov