Solar & Daylight Data
Sun Path: Mukim Pulai, Malaysia
How to research sun path for a specific site in Mukim Pulai — the controlling authority, source documents, and checks to run before you rely on a number.
Last updated August 31, 2026 · Location data from the [GeoNames MY dump](https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/MY.zip) (CC BY 4.0, snapshot 2026-08-31, GeoNames ID 12750654). Regulatory starting point: [the applicable state and local authority](https://jkt.kpkt.gov.my/). Figures are illustrative — verify against the current locally adopted edition for the site. Solar-method context: [NOAA Solar Calculation Details](https://gml.noaa.gov/grad/solcalc/calcdetails.html); the Harth monthly table uses a simpler declination and geometric-daylight approximation whose stated limitations must be retained.
Direct answer
For Mukim Pulai at 1.5333, 103.6667, the declination-only solar-noon altitude is approximately 68.1° at the June solstice, 88.5° at an equinox and 65.0° at the December solstice. Refine these geometry checks with the project date, civil time, facade azimuth, terrain and local horizon. The reproducible location record is GeoNames ID 12750654 in administrative area 01, at 1.5333, 103.6667; replace it with the surveyed parcel point before relying on the result. As a transparent geometry check, declination-only solar-noon altitude is about 68.1° at the June solstice, 88.5° at an equinox and 65.0° at the December solstice. Representative 21st-day geometry ranges from about 11.9 hours in December to 12.1 hours in June; this excludes atmospheric refraction, terrain and obstruction effects. The cited national authority is a discovery starting point; current local documents and a named qualified reviewer control project use of this sun path record.
Prepared by Harth · Prepared from the cited location and country sources; local project inputs remain unreviewed · Published 2026-08-26 · Updated 2026-08-31.
What must be verified for Mukim Pulai?
Mukim Pulai is represented here at approximately 1.5333, 103.6667 for discovery and workflow planning. A project address, parcel, elevation, exposure, authority, and submission date must replace that city-centre reference before design use.
How should sun path be established?
- Fix the surveyed site and local time basis.
- Select an authoritative weather source or a named solar-position algorithm.
- Record period, percentile or scenario and units.
- Test sensitivity to elevation, exposure, urban form and horizon.
- Save the source file, retrieval date and checker in the model record.
| Input | Project-specific evidence | QA question |
|---|---|---|
| Site | surveyed coordinates, elevation and horizon | Does the point represent the building? |
| Weather/solar method | named dataset, algorithm, period and time basis | Are station, time zone and units explicit? |
| Design scenario | current and future scenario agreed by the team | Is an average being mistaken for an extreme? |
| Compliance | adopted local document and edition | Was applicability confirmed with the authority? |
What are the limits of this worksheet?
This sun-path-workflow page is a project-starting worksheet, not a design value or approval. The controlling authority and qualified professionals for the Mukim Pulai site remain authoritative.
Mukim Pulai monthly solar geometry check for sun path
| Representative date | Declination | Solar-noon altitude | Geometric daylight | Noon shadow / height |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 January | -20.14° | 68.33° | 11.925 h | 0.397 |
| 21 February | -11.23° | 77.24° | 11.959 h | 0.226 |
| 21 March | -0.40° | 88.06° | 11.999 h | 0.034 |
| 21 April | +11.58° | 79.95° | 12.042 h | 0.177 |
| 21 May | +20.14° | 71.40° | 12.075 h | 0.337 |
| 21 June | +23.45° | 68.08° | 12.089 h | 0.402 |
| 21 July | +20.44° | 71.09° | 12.076 h | 0.343 |
| 21 August | +11.75° | 79.78° | 12.043 h | 0.180 |
| 21 September | -0.20° | 88.26° | 11.999 h | 0.030 |
| 21 October | -11.75° | 76.71° | 11.957 h | 0.236 |
| 21 November | -20.44° | 68.03° | 11.924 h | 0.404 |
| 21 December | -23.45° | 65.02° | 11.911 h | 0.466 |
Mukim Pulai solar-geometry fingerprint at 1.5333, 103.6667
- Mukim Pulai, 21 January: declination -20.14°, noon altitude 68.33°, zenith 21.67°, geometric daylight 11.925 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.397.
- Mukim Pulai, 21 February: declination -11.23°, noon altitude 77.24°, zenith 12.76°, geometric daylight 11.959 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.226.
- Mukim Pulai, 21 March: declination -0.40°, noon altitude 88.06°, zenith 1.94°, geometric daylight 11.999 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.034.
- Mukim Pulai, 21 April: declination +11.58°, noon altitude 79.95°, zenith 10.05°, geometric daylight 12.042 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.177.
- Mukim Pulai, 21 May: declination +20.14°, noon altitude 71.40°, zenith 18.60°, geometric daylight 12.075 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.337.
- Mukim Pulai, 21 June: declination +23.45°, noon altitude 68.08°, zenith 21.92°, geometric daylight 12.089 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.402.
- Mukim Pulai, 21 July: declination +20.44°, noon altitude 71.09°, zenith 18.91°, geometric daylight 12.076 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.343.
- Mukim Pulai, 21 August: declination +11.75°, noon altitude 79.78°, zenith 10.22°, geometric daylight 12.043 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.180.
- Mukim Pulai, 21 September: declination -0.20°, noon altitude 88.26°, zenith 1.74°, geometric daylight 11.999 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.030.
- Mukim Pulai, 21 October: declination -11.75°, noon altitude 76.71°, zenith 13.29°, geometric daylight 11.957 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.236.
- Mukim Pulai, 21 November: declination -20.44°, noon altitude 68.03°, zenith 21.97°, geometric daylight 11.924 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.404.
- Mukim Pulai, 21 December: declination -23.45°, noon altitude 65.02°, zenith 24.98°, geometric daylight 11.911 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.466.
Harth computed the Mukim Pulai fingerprint for latitude 1.5333° with the Cooper declination approximation, 90° - |latitude - declination| at solar noon, centre-to-centre sunrise hour angle and 1 / tan(altitude) shadow ratio. Longitude 103.6667° is retained for a later civil-time conversion; this screen does not perform that conversion. See NOAA's solar calculation details. Atmospheric refraction, terrain, facade azimuth and obstructions remain outside this first-pass comparison.
Where can you explore related guidance?
- Explore all solar data guidance
- Sun Path: Kampung Larkin Lama, Malaysia
- Sun Path: Kampung Kangkar Teberau, Malaysia
- Sun Path: Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Sun Path: Iskandar Puteri, Malaysia
- All solar & daylight data guidance for Malaysia
Sources and method
Location data from the GeoNames MY dump (CC BY 4.0, snapshot 2026-08-31, GeoNames ID 12750654). Regulatory starting point: the applicable state and local authority. Figures are illustrative — verify against the current locally adopted edition for the site. Solar-method context: NOAA Solar Calculation Details; the Harth monthly table uses a simpler declination and geometric-daylight approximation whose stated limitations must be retained.
Source links
Frequently asked questions
What does the sun path record for Mukim Pulai establish?
The sun path record for Mukim Pulai establishes a reproducible discovery point at 1.5333, 103.6667 (GeoNames ID 12750654, administrative area 01) and a Malaysia source path. It does not establish a final project value, approval or parcel decision.
What must be replaced before using this sun path workflow for a project in Mukim Pulai?
For the sun path record in Mukim Pulai, replace the 1.5333, 103.6667 city reference with the surveyed site or parcel, identify the competent local authority, and verify the current documents under Uniform Building By-Laws and state or local-authority adoption. Record the edition, retrieval date, units, assumptions and named checker before relying on the result.
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