Solar & Daylight Data
Daylight & Orientation: Hong Kong, Hong Kong
How to research daylight & orientation for a specific site in Hong Kong — the controlling authority, source documents, and checks to run before you rely on a number.
On this page
Last updated September 2, 2026 · Location data from the [GeoNames HK dump](https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/HK.zip) (CC BY 4.0, snapshot 2026-08-31, GeoNames ID 1819729). Regulatory starting point: [Hong Kong Buildings Department](https://www.bd.gov.hk/en/resources/codes-and-references/codes-and-design-manuals/index.html). Figures are illustrative — verify against the current locally adopted edition for the site. Solar-method context: [NOAA Solar Calculation Details](https://gml.noaa.gov/grad/solcalc/calcdetails.html); the Harth monthly table uses a simpler declination and geometric-daylight approximation whose stated limitations must be retained. Project-date refinement reference: [NREL Solar Position Algorithm](https://midcdmz.nrel.gov/spa/).
Direct answer
For Hong Kong at 22.2783, 114.1747, the declination-only solar-noon altitude is approximately 88.8° at the June solstice, 67.7° at an equinox and 44.3° at the December solstice. Refine these geometry checks with the project date, civil time, facade azimuth, terrain and local horizon. The reproducible location record is GeoNames ID 1819729 in administrative area not recorded, at 22.2783, 114.1747; replace it with the surveyed parcel point before relying on the result. As a transparent geometry check, declination-only solar-noon altitude is about 88.8° at the June solstice, 67.7° at an equinox and 44.3° at the December solstice. Representative 21st-day geometry ranges from about 10.6 hours in December to 13.4 hours in June; this excludes atmospheric refraction, terrain and obstruction effects. The cited national authority is a discovery starting point; current local documents and a named qualified reviewer control project use of this daylight and building orientation record.
Content and cited inputs reviewed by Harth team · Published 2026-08-26 · Updated 2026-09-02.
What must be verified for Hong Kong?
Hong Kong is represented here at approximately 22.2783, 114.1747 for discovery and workflow planning. A project address, parcel, elevation, exposure, authority, and submission date must replace that city-centre reference before design use.
How should daylight and building orientation be established?
- Fix the surveyed site and local time basis.
- Select an authoritative weather source or a named solar-position algorithm.
- Record period, percentile or scenario and units.
- Test sensitivity to elevation, exposure, urban form and horizon.
- Save the source file, retrieval date and checker in the model record.
| Input | Project-specific evidence | QA question |
|---|---|---|
| Site | surveyed coordinates, elevation and horizon | Does the point represent the building? |
| Weather/solar method | named dataset, algorithm, period and time basis | Are station, time zone and units explicit? |
| Design scenario | current and future scenario agreed by the team | Is an average being mistaken for an extreme? |
| Compliance | adopted local document and edition | Was applicability confirmed with the authority? |
What are the limits of this worksheet?
This daylight-workflow page is a project-starting worksheet, not a design value or approval. The controlling authority and qualified professionals for the Hong Kong site remain authoritative.
Hong Kong monthly daylight-orientation ledger
| Representative date | Geometric daylight | Solar sunrise | Solar sunset | Sunrise hour angle | Noon bearing | Change from prior month |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 January | 10.848 h | 06.58 | 17.42 | 81.36° | 180.0° | +0.213 h |
| 21 February | 11.378 h | 06.31 | 17.69 | 85.34° | 180.0° | +0.530 h |
| 21 March | 11.978 h | 06.01 | 17.99 | 89.83° | 180.0° | +0.600 h |
| 21 April | 12.642 h | 05.68 | 18.32 | 94.82° | 180.0° | +0.664 h |
| 21 May | 13.152 h | 05.42 | 18.58 | 98.64° | 180.0° | +0.510 h |
| 21 June | 13.365 h | 05.32 | 18.68 | 100.24° | 0.0° | +0.213 h |
| 21 July | 13.171 h | 05.41 | 18.59 | 98.78° | 180.0° | -0.194 h |
| 21 August | 12.652 h | 05.67 | 18.33 | 94.89° | 180.0° | -0.519 h |
| 21 September | 11.989 h | 06.01 | 17.99 | 89.92° | 180.0° | -0.663 h |
| 21 October | 11.348 h | 06.33 | 17.67 | 85.11° | 180.0° | -0.641 h |
| 21 November | 10.829 h | 06.59 | 17.41 | 81.22° | 180.0° | -0.519 h |
| 21 December | 10.635 h | 06.68 | 17.32 | 79.76° | 180.0° | -0.194 h |
Orientation checks prompted by the Hong Kong ledger
The representative daylight span runs from 10.635 hours on 21 December to 13.365 hours on 21 June. Solar sunrise and sunset are expressed in apparent solar time, not a time-zone clock. The noon-bearing column is a true-north azimuth screen and becomes unstable when the sun passes close to zenith.
For Hong Kong at 22.2783°, 114.1747°, test each occupied facade against the actual horizon, adjacent buildings, glazing, room depth and target illuminance. This ledger describes geometric availability only; it does not estimate irradiance, daylight autonomy, glare or energy. Refine project-date positions with the NREL SPA.
Where can you explore related guidance?
- Explore all solar data guidance
- Sun Path: Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Solar Shading Design: Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Solar Altitude & Azimuth: Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- All solar & daylight data guidance for Hong Kong
- House Construction Cost Planning: Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Office Construction Cost Planning: Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Retail Construction Cost Planning: Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School Construction Cost Planning: Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
Sources and method
Location data from the GeoNames HK dump (CC BY 4.0, snapshot 2026-08-31, GeoNames ID 1819729). Regulatory starting point: Hong Kong Buildings Department. Figures are illustrative — verify against the current locally adopted edition for the site. Solar-method context: NOAA Solar Calculation Details; the Harth monthly table uses a simpler declination and geometric-daylight approximation whose stated limitations must be retained. Project-date refinement reference: NREL Solar Position Algorithm.
Source links
Frequently asked questions
What does the daylight and building orientation record for Hong Kong establish?
The daylight and building orientation record for Hong Kong establishes a reproducible discovery point at 22.2783, 114.1747 (GeoNames ID 1819729, administrative area the recorded administrative area) and a Hong Kong source path. It does not establish a final project value, approval or parcel decision.
What must be replaced before using this daylight and building orientation workflow for a project in Hong Kong?
For the daylight and building orientation record in Hong Kong, replace the 22.2783, 114.1747 city reference with the surveyed site or parcel, identify the competent local authority, and verify the current documents under Buildings Ordinance, subsidiary regulations, codes of practice, and practice notes. Record the edition, retrieval date, units, assumptions and named checker before relying on the result.
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