Solar Altitude & Azimuth: Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia

Direct answer

For Kota Kinabalu at 5.9749, 116.0724, the declination-only solar-noon altitude is approximately 72.5° at the June solstice, 84.0° at an equinox and 60.6° at the December solstice. Refine these geometry checks with the project date, civil time, facade azimuth, terrain and local horizon. The reproducible location record is GeoNames ID 1733432 in administrative area 16, at 5.9749, 116.0724; replace it with the surveyed parcel point before relying on the result. As a transparent geometry check, declination-only solar-noon altitude is about 72.5° at the June solstice, 84.0° at an equinox and 60.6° at the December solstice. Representative 21st-day geometry ranges from about 11.7 hours in December to 12.3 hours in June; this excludes atmospheric refraction, terrain and obstruction effects. The cited national authority is a discovery starting point; current local documents and a named qualified reviewer control project use of this solar altitude and azimuth record.

Prepared by Harth · Topic-specific calculated asset and fresh SERP brief passed editorial screening; page remains noindex pending the independent content, evidence, similarity and link gates · Published 2026-08-26 · Updated 2026-09-02.

What must be verified for Kota Kinabalu?

Kota Kinabalu is represented here at approximately 5.9749, 116.0724 for discovery and workflow planning. A project address, parcel, elevation, exposure, authority, and submission date must replace that city-centre reference before design use.

How should solar altitude and azimuth be established?

1. Fix the surveyed site and local time basis.
2. Select an authoritative weather source or a named solar-position algorithm.
3. Record period, percentile or scenario and units.
4. Test sensitivity to elevation, exposure, urban form and horizon.
5. Save the source file, retrieval date and checker in the model record.

What are the limits of this worksheet?

This solar-angle-workflow page is a project-starting worksheet, not a design value or approval. The controlling authority and qualified professionals for the Kota Kinabalu site remain authoritative.

Kota Kinabalu apparent-solar-time altitude and azimuth matrix

How to use the Kota Kinabalu angle matrix

The matrix fixes latitude 5.9749° and records longitude 116.0724°, but its clock column is apparent solar time rather than civil time. Convert the project date and longitude with a reviewed solar-position implementation before transferring an angle into a model. Azimuth is clockwise from true north. Rows below the geometric horizon are retained to make the screening limit visible; refraction, terrain and obstructions can change observed sunrise and sunset.

Harth calculated this solar altitude & azimuth matrix with the Cooper declination approximation and spherical altitude/azimuth equations. It is a reproducible comparison asset, not a surveyed horizon or construction setting. Refine it with the NREL Solar Position Algorithm.

Where can you explore related guidance?

• Explore all solar data guidance
• Sun Path: Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
• Solar Altitude & Azimuth: Kuantan, Malaysia
• Solar Altitude & Azimuth: Pasir Gudang, Malaysia
• Solar Altitude & Azimuth: Pelentong, Malaysia
• All solar & daylight data guidance for Malaysia
• Climate Design Data: Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia

Sources and method

Location data from the GeoNames MY dump (CC BY 4.0, snapshot 2026-08-31, GeoNames ID 1733432). Regulatory starting point: the applicable state and local authority. Figures are illustrative — verify against the current locally adopted edition for the site. Solar-method context: NOAA Solar Calculation Details; the Harth monthly table uses a simpler declination and geometric-daylight approximation whose stated limitations must be retained. Project-date refinement reference: NREL Solar Position Algorithm.

Source links

• download.geonames.org

• jkt.kpkt.gov.my

• gml.noaa.gov

• midcdmz.nrel.gov