Solar & Daylight Data
Sun Path: Alor Setar, Malaysia
How to research sun path for a specific site in Alor Setar — the controlling authority, source documents, and checks to run before you rely on a number.
Last updated August 31, 2026 · Location data from the [GeoNames MY dump](https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/MY.zip) (CC BY 4.0, snapshot 2026-08-31, GeoNames ID 1736309). Regulatory starting point: [the applicable state and local authority](https://jkt.kpkt.gov.my/). Figures are illustrative — verify against the current locally adopted edition for the site. Solar-method context: [NOAA Solar Calculation Details](https://gml.noaa.gov/grad/solcalc/calcdetails.html); the Harth monthly table uses a simpler declination and geometric-daylight approximation whose stated limitations must be retained.
Direct answer
For Alor Setar at 6.1210, 100.3601, the declination-only solar-noon altitude is approximately 72.7° at the June solstice, 83.9° at an equinox and 60.4° at the December solstice. Refine these geometry checks with the project date, civil time, facade azimuth, terrain and local horizon. The reproducible location record is GeoNames ID 1736309 in administrative area 02, at 6.1210, 100.3601; replace it with the surveyed parcel point before relying on the result. As a transparent geometry check, declination-only solar-noon altitude is about 72.7° at the June solstice, 83.9° at an equinox and 60.4° at the December solstice. Representative 21st-day geometry ranges from about 11.6 hours in December to 12.4 hours in June; this excludes atmospheric refraction, terrain and obstruction effects. The cited national authority is a discovery starting point; current local documents and a named qualified reviewer control project use of this sun path record.
Prepared by Harth · Prepared from the cited location and country sources; local project inputs remain unreviewed · Published 2026-08-26 · Updated 2026-08-31.
What must be verified for Alor Setar?
Alor Setar is represented here at approximately 6.1210, 100.3601 for discovery and workflow planning. A project address, parcel, elevation, exposure, authority, and submission date must replace that city-centre reference before design use.
How should sun path be established?
- Fix the surveyed site and local time basis.
- Select an authoritative weather source or a named solar-position algorithm.
- Record period, percentile or scenario and units.
- Test sensitivity to elevation, exposure, urban form and horizon.
- Save the source file, retrieval date and checker in the model record.
| Input | Project-specific evidence | QA question |
|---|---|---|
| Site | surveyed coordinates, elevation and horizon | Does the point represent the building? |
| Weather/solar method | named dataset, algorithm, period and time basis | Are station, time zone and units explicit? |
| Design scenario | current and future scenario agreed by the team | Is an average being mistaken for an extreme? |
| Compliance | adopted local document and edition | Was applicability confirmed with the authority? |
What are the limits of this worksheet?
This sun-path-workflow page is a project-starting worksheet, not a design value or approval. The controlling authority and qualified professionals for the Alor Setar site remain authoritative.
Which related searches does this primary location record cover?
This primary route consolidates the location evidence needed for Sun Path, Solar Altitude & Azimuth, Solar Shading Design, Daylight & Orientation. A narrower route should be released only when it adds a materially different official source, calculation, process, threshold or worked example.
Alor Setar monthly solar geometry check for sun path
| Representative date | Declination | Solar-noon altitude | Geometric daylight | Noon shadow / height |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 January | -20.14° | 63.74° | 11.700 h | 0.493 |
| 21 February | -11.23° | 72.65° | 11.837 h | 0.312 |
| 21 March | -0.40° | 83.48° | 11.994 h | 0.114 |
| 21 April | +11.58° | 84.54° | 12.168 h | 0.096 |
| 21 May | +20.14° | 75.98° | 12.300 h | 0.250 |
| 21 June | +23.45° | 72.67° | 12.355 h | 0.312 |
| 21 July | +20.44° | 75.68° | 12.305 h | 0.255 |
| 21 August | +11.75° | 84.37° | 12.170 h | 0.099 |
| 21 September | -0.20° | 83.68° | 11.997 h | 0.111 |
| 21 October | -11.75° | 72.12° | 11.830 h | 0.323 |
| 21 November | -20.44° | 63.44° | 11.695 h | 0.500 |
| 21 December | -23.45° | 60.43° | 11.645 h | 0.567 |
Alor Setar solar-geometry fingerprint at 6.1210, 100.3601
- Alor Setar, 21 January: declination -20.14°, noon altitude 63.74°, zenith 26.26°, geometric daylight 11.700 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.493.
- Alor Setar, 21 February: declination -11.23°, noon altitude 72.65°, zenith 17.35°, geometric daylight 11.837 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.312.
- Alor Setar, 21 March: declination -0.40°, noon altitude 83.48°, zenith 6.52°, geometric daylight 11.994 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.114.
- Alor Setar, 21 April: declination +11.58°, noon altitude 84.54°, zenith 5.46°, geometric daylight 12.168 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.096.
- Alor Setar, 21 May: declination +20.14°, noon altitude 75.98°, zenith 14.02°, geometric daylight 12.300 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.250.
- Alor Setar, 21 June: declination +23.45°, noon altitude 72.67°, zenith 17.33°, geometric daylight 12.355 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.312.
- Alor Setar, 21 July: declination +20.44°, noon altitude 75.68°, zenith 14.32°, geometric daylight 12.305 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.255.
- Alor Setar, 21 August: declination +11.75°, noon altitude 84.37°, zenith 5.63°, geometric daylight 12.170 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.099.
- Alor Setar, 21 September: declination -0.20°, noon altitude 83.68°, zenith 6.32°, geometric daylight 11.997 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.111.
- Alor Setar, 21 October: declination -11.75°, noon altitude 72.12°, zenith 17.88°, geometric daylight 11.830 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.323.
- Alor Setar, 21 November: declination -20.44°, noon altitude 63.44°, zenith 26.56°, geometric daylight 11.695 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.500.
- Alor Setar, 21 December: declination -23.45°, noon altitude 60.43°, zenith 29.57°, geometric daylight 11.645 hours, and vertical-object noon shadow ratio 0.567.
Harth computed the Alor Setar fingerprint for latitude 6.1210° with the Cooper declination approximation, 90° - |latitude - declination| at solar noon, centre-to-centre sunrise hour angle and 1 / tan(altitude) shadow ratio. Longitude 100.3601° is retained for a later civil-time conversion; this screen does not perform that conversion. See NOAA's solar calculation details. Atmospheric refraction, terrain, facade azimuth and obstructions remain outside this first-pass comparison.
Where can you explore related guidance?
- Explore all solar data guidance
- Sun Path: Sungai Petani, Malaysia
- Sun Path: Kota Kuala Muda, Malaysia
- Sun Path: Paya Terubong, Malaysia
- Sun Path: Taiping, Malaysia
- All solar & daylight data guidance for Malaysia
- Climate Design Data: Alor Setar, Malaysia
Sources and method
Location data from the GeoNames MY dump (CC BY 4.0, snapshot 2026-08-31, GeoNames ID 1736309). Regulatory starting point: the applicable state and local authority. Figures are illustrative — verify against the current locally adopted edition for the site. Solar-method context: NOAA Solar Calculation Details; the Harth monthly table uses a simpler declination and geometric-daylight approximation whose stated limitations must be retained.
Source links
Frequently asked questions
What does the sun path record for Alor Setar establish?
The sun path record for Alor Setar establishes a reproducible discovery point at 6.1210, 100.3601 (GeoNames ID 1736309, administrative area 02) and a Malaysia source path. It does not establish a final project value, approval or parcel decision.
What must be replaced before using this sun path workflow for a project in Alor Setar?
For the sun path record in Alor Setar, replace the 6.1210, 100.3601 city reference with the surveyed site or parcel, identify the competent local authority, and verify the current documents under Uniform Building By-Laws and state or local-authority adoption. Record the edition, retrieval date, units, assumptions and named checker before relying on the result.
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